The cross is a universal graphic symbol that is one of the most famous signs in human history. In addition, the cross is also one of the most ancient and mystical elements, which in many cultures represents both a symbol of salvation and an instrument of execution.
Drawings and other images of crosses appeared in the Stone Age, which proves the excavations and study of primitive stands of ancient tribes. Later the cross became a widespread phenomenon in civilizations, which in different periods developed in all parts of our planet.
That might be surprising for many, but initially, the cross, which today is the main image associated with Christianity, was a pagan symbol, but today it has become the main graphic embodiment of Christianity. So, as you can see, such a familiar image for us already has more than one meaning. And in fact, there are many more.
In this article, we will try to tell in detail about the different forms of crosses, their types, the fundamental differences between them, as well as the main meaning, because for each culture and religion, the symbol of the cross laid its strong and important meaning.
This emblem is a fusion of art and faith, crafted to showcase a cross within its heart. It merges artistry from various traditions and is often presented in metalwork. Its detailed iconography is a testament to its religious inspiration, and when set on its base, the emblem presents a dignified stance.
Elegance defines the Albano-Udin emblem, which may have arms of equal length or with the lower portion extending beyond the rest. Decorated with filigree, enamel, or gemstone embellishments, its exquisite craftsmanship shines through, echoing the era and locale from which it hails.
Combining maritime heritage and sacred symbolism, the Anchor Cross is represented by an anchor entwined with the shape of a cross. Its design includes a classic naval anchor, complete with flukes and topped with a ring, intersected by a horizontal bar.
The Anchor Cross symbolizes hope and steadfastness, a nod to the anchor’s age-old representation of safety in troubled waters. Historically, it served as a covert Christian symbol, its vertical beam elongating to form the primary axis, while its horizontal component may rest atop or align centrally, reminiscent of traditional Latin or Greek crosses.
The Ankh stands out as an ancient Egyptian emblem, combining the form of a cross with a distinct loop, resembling a key. This symbol, found in various materials, has permeated Egyptian culture, often associated with divinities as a signifier of eternal life.
Harmonizing feminine and masculine principles, the Ankh depicts a balance of earthly and celestial existence. Today, its recognition transcends its ancient origins, symbolizing wisdom and insight. The Ankh’s portrayal, ranging from minimalist designs to ornate renditions, highlights its deep-seated symbolism and appeal.
Originating from Sri Lanka, the Anuradhapura Cross displays a Latin cross with ends shaped like botanical motifs, giving each limb a flourish. Its central cross-point garners attention, slightly accentuated to draw focus and stability. The design may incorporate a semi-circular or crescent motif, often symbolizing a lotus, a sign of purity and enlightenment. The Anuradhapura Cross combines local artistic elements with Eastern spiritual motifs, its floral patterns not merely ornamental but carriers of deeper meaning.
The Archangel Cross looks super minimalistic in its clean geometry. The symbol is based on the shape of the Cross of Loraine, with two horizontal bars on top, where the upper one features a shorter length. Yet for the Archangel Cross, the figure is drawn standing on a base of three horizontal lines which make up a kind of pyramid. This improvised pedestal signifies confidence faith, and dedication. This cross is often used in ceremonies, for which the minimalistic design gets decorated with filigree ornaments.
The Armenian Cross is marked by flared arms and embellishments, symbolizing the rich historical heritage of Armenia. Its trefoil design, found on each limb, references the Holy Trinity, with the vertical and horizontal beams usually of equal length, promoting balance and harmony. Seen frequently in religious and cultural Armenian settings, this cross is not just a faith symbol but also a celebration of local artisanship. Available in materials ranging from stone to wood, it represents both devoutness and the rich decorative arts tradition of the Armenian people.
The Balkenkreuz is a cross of stark lines and symmetry, originally serving as military insignia. Its four arms extend outwards, ending in linear precision. The cross features a contrasting outline, enhancing its visibility and creating a strong visual statement. This cross served as a clear marker for identification. In contemporary contexts, it is a historical reference to the period and the machinery of the German military.
The Basque Cross, or Lauburu, represents the Basque Country, portraying a cross with arms swirling outwards, symbolizing movement and life. This cross is reminiscent of solar symbols, and its balanced form is often seen in cultural artifacts. Seen as a pre-Christian symbol, it evokes the sun and prosperity, with its design being integral to Basque identity. The cross encapsulates community pride and is a cherished emblem of the Basque heritage.
Hailing from the Bolnisi Sioni Church of the 5th century, the Bolnisi Cross stands as a proud relic of Georgia’s ecclesiastical history. With arms that broaden and taper to sharp points, the design intimates both stability and fluidity, akin to the spinning of a fan or propeller. At the core, where the arms meet, they curve slightly, injecting dynamic energy into this stalwart structure.
This motif is a testament to the rich tapestry of Georgian artistic and spiritual expression, often found on state emblems. The Bolnisi Cross transcends its role as a mere religious symbol; it’s an emblem of national pride woven into the country’s fabric, seen in stone relics spanning centuries, capturing the fervor and reverence of Georgian heritage.
The Brigid’s Cross, deeply rooted in Irish tradition and named for St. Brigid of Kildare, emerges from natural rushes or straw into a unique square center with four rays. These rays, each expanding and concluding in looped points, mark a distinctive design, revered for its protective influence within Irish homes.
Crafted traditionally for St. Brigid’s Day, it heralds the start of spring and resonates with the Imbolc festival’s earthy themes. More than a rustic icon, the Brigid’s Cross is a bridge between Ireland’s ancient customs and its Christian legacy, symbolizing a blend of past spiritual practices with modern faith.
The Budded Cross or Apostles’ Cross, adorned with trefoil ends, signifies growth and the Holy Trinity. The threefold design, with its rounded lobes, is seen as an embodiment of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, each bud adding depth to the linear cross structure.
With its rich iconography, the Budded Cross fuses the traditional artistry of the Latin cross with contemporary nuances, often highlighted by contrasting colors to accentuate its symbolic nature. This emblem serves not only as a sign of faith but also as a visual celebration of theological concepts, striking a balance between form and the deeper essence.
The Byzantine Cross, characterized by bold lines and symmetrical flares, commands a presence against its often monochromatic backdrop. Each limb of this cross expands to a flourish, mirroring the spread of the faith across continents. It stands as an enduring symbol of Byzantine heritage, marrying clarity of design with profound historical roots.
With unadorned elegance, this cross reflects the early Christian Church’s artistic purity, offering a design uncluttered by extraneous detail yet rich in tradition. As a cornerstone of Eastern Orthodoxy, the Byzantine Cross has become an icon of faith, embodying the lineage of a transformative era in religious art.
With its single upright beam and crossbeam, this cross stands atop a stepped base, signifying the virtues of faith, hope, and charity. It reflects the solemnity of the site where Christ’s sacrifice occurred and serves as a powerful reminder of redemption. This symbol is more than religious art; it embodies the journey from mortal toil to divine ascension. The stark silhouette against the skyline is a stark reminder of the enduring Christian narrative of salvation and rebirth.
The Cantabrian, or Victory Cross, hails from Spain’s Cantabria region, showcasing an eight-pointed form with circles adorning each extremity. Rendered in vibrant contrasts, it stands as a symbol of triumph and regional pride. This emblem, originating from historical victories, carries on as a heraldic icon. Its design encapsulates Cantabrian resilience and the celebration of cultural heritage.
The Carolingian Cross epitomizes the artistic and spiritual aspirations of the Carolingian Renaissance, intertwining loops and knots to signify unity and divine grace. It’s an abstract representation devoid of figural art, focusing instead on the eternal nature of its design. With roots in medieval European artistry, the Carolingian Cross mirrors the intellectual vigor of its time, becoming a symbol of the Carolingian dynasty’s influential presence in art and culture.
It is believed that such a symbol as the Celtic Cross appeared in Ireland in the VIII century. According to legend, St. Patrick, blessing Ireland, combined the symbol of the cross with the first pagan symbol of the sun to show the eternity of the Savior. So it has come down to our days – a strict classical cross, supplemented by a ring, representing the sun, however, it has a second meaning – it symbolizes life itself. Celtic cross attracts first of all because of its distinctive geometry and relevance to this day’s design, however, the meaning of this type of cross is very deep.
The Chi Ro Cross, also known as Charisma, is not just a cross, but a monogram of the name of Jesus Christ made up of the letters of the Greek alphabet, Chi and Ro, hence the name of the symbol. The sign of Chi Ro is also called the Signum Dei. This cross has a long history, with several legends going around how it first came to be. But to this day, the Chi Ro Cross has not lost its relevance, and today it can be found carved on temple walls and included in murals, and embroidered on the vestments of priests.
The interesting geometric symbol with a circular outline on top is known as the Coptic Ankh, which is definitely one of the most famous types of the Egyptian Cross, and one of the most well-known Egyptian spiritual symbols in general. The image of the Coptic Ankh has always been part of the painting of Egyptian tombs and Pyramids. This symbol is a classic laconic cross, the upper part of which is decorated with a ring. It is because of the similarity of the shape of the cross with the key that it is often also called the “Key of Life” or the “Key of the Nile”.
The Coptic Cross is identified by its balanced form and triadic endpoints, symbolizing the Trinity within Christian doctrine. It features a circle uniting the arms of the cross, signifying the eternal nature of the divine. This emblem’s stark lines against a minimalist background embody a design that merges tradition with contemporary Christian aesthetics.
Originating in Egypt, this cross marries the rich history of early Christian art with Egyptian culture, standing as a symbol of the Coptic people’s resilience and faith. It carries both historical and spiritual significance, representing a faith community deeply rooted in ancient traditions.
The Cossack Cross, emblematic of the Cossack heritage, displays a distinct design with arms that expand to form a pointed, star-like silhouette. Its bold, unadorned form set against a stark background symbolizes the martial spirit and independence of the Cossacks. This cross serves as a unifying symbol for its people, reflecting their deep-rooted Christian faith and proud history.
Commonly seen on military banners and insignia, the Cossack Cross is a symbol of unity and pride, capturing the essence of the Cossack’s enduring legacy and their role as stalwart defenders within their historical narrative.
Reminiscent of nautical symbols, the Avellane Cross features a vertical beam suggestive of an anchor or fish, with horizontal arms branching out gracefully. Its center point is often emphasized, possibly representing a knot or the center of a compass, hinting at navigation and discovery. The design’s minimalistic contrast highlights its symbolic importance over detailed aesthetics. This cross is associated with hope and guidance, reflecting Christian imagery linked with seafaring ventures and exploratory endeavors.
Distinguished by its crosslets terminating each arm, the Crosslet Cross features a balanced T-shaped design. Its symmetry, emphasized by equal arm width, signifies equilibrium and connection, often associated with spreading doctrines and the cardinal directions. Crafted with stark contrasting colors, the Crosslet Cross stands out for its historical and artistic significance, commonly seen in heraldic and architectural contexts, representing faith’s reach and influence.
The Erminee Cross is centered around a cross with arm ends in fleur-de-lis patterns. Surrounded by four small circles, it contrasts vividly against its backdrop, commonly linked with traditional iconography. This emblem merges the cross’s simplicity with decorative flourishes, serving both symbolic and ornamental functions. It’s structured yet pleasing to the eye, capturing a harmonious balance.
The Fichee Cross’s geometric silhouette, centered around a triangular spike and flared arms, stands bold against a minimal backdrop, embracing a clean, angular aesthetic. Stripping away complexity, the Fichee Cross opts for minimalist elegance, offering versatility in various contexts, from corporate logos to symbolic emblems, representing a foundational or directed purpose.
Representing a journey, the Cross of the Four Evangelists steps upward, diminishing in size toward the summit, each step a metaphor for spiritual ascent. The cross itself is symmetrical, suggesting balance and continuity. The emblem’s striking contrast, set against transparency, emphasizes the silhouette, inviting contemplation of its underlying message and the evangelists it honors.
The Agadez Cross, a Tuareg cultural emblem, features an elongated form with circular accents, tapering to a T-like shape. This design marries tribal aesthetics with symbols of nomadic life in the Sahara. Its bold silhouette against a white backdrop enhances its visual clarity, signifying the Tuareg’s resilient spirit and their rich historical and cultural narrative.
The Burgundy Cross, with a saltire reminiscent of rough branches against a contrasting backdrop, draws inspiration from wooden staves of Spanish heritage. This cross is a historic emblem, later linked with the Spanish Empire, symbolizing power and expansion. Marked by bold, angular lines, the Burgundy Cross conveys a sense of enduring legacy and martial spirit, once emblazoned on battlefields and uniforms.
The red Cross of Calatrava, adorned with fleur-de-lis, represents the Order of Calatrava’s identity and the virtues of faith it upheld. The cross extends symmetrically from its center, each arm ornately tipped. As a heraldic and historical emblem, the Cross of Calatrava’s bold lines and ornamental details symbolize valor and faith defended during the Reconquista, offering a visual testament to its significance.
The emblem of the Camargue region, the Camargue Cross is a harmonious blend of three symbols: a cross for faith, an anchor for hope, and a heart for love. Set against a stark background, its Latin cross surmounts the anchor which morphs into a heart at the base, reflecting love.
This emblem, evoking the essence of Camargue, signifies guardianship over the region’s natural and cultural treasures. Its design is a tribute to the guardians, or herdsmen, who protect the region’s iconic white horses, black bulls, and the river delta.
The Cross of Lorraine, a symbol from the Lorraine region of France, stands out with its vertical red bar crossed by two horizontal bars. The upper bar is shorter, signifying resilience and strength. The bold red of the cross pops against a simple backdrop, denoting its historical importance.
Adopted by various entities as a symbol of freedom and independence, notably by the Free French Forces during World War II, the simplicity of its design makes it a versatile emblem used in different contexts, from insignia to memorials.
Also known as the Santiago Cross, this symbol features a vibrant red color set against a black background, with the lower part resembling a sword blade and the arms ending in fleur-de-lis motifs. It stands as a symbol of the Order of Santiago, representing both battle prowess and religious zeal during the Crusades.
The emblem is evocative of Saint James’ reputed role as a “Moor-slayer,” symbolizing Christian militancy and pilgrimage in the Iberian Peninsula. Its design is a reminder of the military and spiritual nature of the Order of Santiago.
The vertical Cross of Salem, displayed with three horizontal bars of descending length, signifies faith, the Trinity, and Christ’s crucifixion. Its stark, unadorned presentation speaks to its focus on religious significance over decorative detail. Historically used in heraldry and ecclesiastical symbols, this design denotes spiritual authority. The upper bar is sometimes interpreted as a representation of the inscription over Christ’s head, and the lower bar suggests the footrest.
Featuring a bold red cross on a white background, the Cross of St. George is associated with England’s national identity. Known for its association with various international flags and emblems, it represents bravery and valor. The design’s simplicity contributes to its widespread recognition and usage.
Gaining prominence from tales of St. George, the patron saint of England, the cross is not only a national symbol but also signifies courage and protection. Its clean lines and color contrast make it immediately identifiable and a powerful emblem of English heritage.
The Cross of the Order of Christ features an extended Templar cross, known as a cross patée, symbolizing the order’s military prowess and religious fervor. Originating from the Knights Templar, this emblem is both a symbol of the military and religious fervor of these knightly orders.
Set against a plain backdrop, the cross’s striking hue ensures high visibility, symbolizing Portugal’s maritime history and the spread of Christianity. Its design merges the practical needs of seafaring with the symbolic representation of national and religious ambition.
This emblem, known as the Cross of Victory, showcases a cross with flared ends, carrying the Greek Alpha and Omega, denoting Christ as alpha and omega. Rendered with golden highlights against a somber backdrop, it symbolizes Asturias and signifies triumph in historical battles.
Representing the divine’s guiding hand in human affairs, this cross is also linked with the Battle of Covadonga, where it signified providential intervention. Its historical and religious relevance is celebrated in ceremonies and cultural events within Asturias, marking it as a timeless symbol of victory and belief.
The Cross Pommee is distinguished by bulbous ends on each arm, recalling the ‘pommee’ or apple-bearing shape. It’s presented starkly in white against a dark background, highlighting its form. The term ‘pommee’ signifies fruitfulness and growth. Reflecting a simplicity that underscores its symbolic importance, the Cross Pommee is ingrained in heraldry and often connected with spreading the word to the world’s corners. It symbolizes life’s completeness and has been adopted within various cultural emblems, denoting faith and expansion.
The Potent Cross, with a square at the end of each arm creating a ‘T’ shape, brings to mind a crutch’s form. Displayed in white against a contrasting background, it stands out with bold formality. The cross’s association with authority and the global spread of faith is reinforced by its symmetrical and sturdy design. Favored in crusader iconography and monastic insignia, the cross’s name, ‘potent’, derived from the Latin for ‘power’, signifies its role in symbolizing spiritual and temporal strength. It’s a cross of equilibrium, projecting stability and a clear direction.
Known as the Decorative Celtic Cross, this emblem features a distinctive ring that intersects the arms, integrating unending Celtic knot patterns, and embodying eternity. Set against a vibrant background, the cross marries the emblem of faith with Ireland’s artistic heritage. This cross type is a revered cultural and artistic symbol within Celtic communities, representing more than spiritual beliefs. It’s a testament to cultural identity, interwoven with intricate knots and overall design reflecting a continuous and interconnected history.
The East Syrian Cross exhibits an elegant design, with slightly flared arms culminating in three-pointed ends, signifying the Trinity. Outlined in black against a clear backdrop, the cross’s design suggests openness and extension, often connected with Eastern Christianity. This minimalist emblem, associated with the Assyrian Church and other Eastern traditions, carries deep liturgical significance. The design’s austerity aligns with the East Syrian Cross’s representation of heritage and continuity in faith.
Florian Cross is a symbol associated primarily with St. Florian, who was not only a deeply religious man but also a great military leader. Today St. Florian is the patron saint of Upper Austria and the city of Linz. He is believed to help with droughts, fires, and crop failures. In addition to the historical significance of the Florian Cross, it has a very wide modern spread, as this elegant flower-like cross is worn and used in the uniforms of firefighters in various countries.
The Fleury Cross is a kind of hybrid of the classic Christian cross and the heraldic symbols known as fleur-de-lis. It may come as a surprise to some, but originally this lily flower was a symbol of the Virgin Mary, the mother of Christ. So the “crossing” of these two elements into one symbol is quite logical. However, today the Fleury Cross is not an officially accepted Christian symbol, and this elegant and sophisticated cross is most often found in the form of jewelry or as part of ornaments and prints.
The Forked Cross, or cross fourchee, presents an unusual shape with bifurcated arm ends. Outlined against a plain backdrop, it suggests different life paths or a representation of growth, with its Y-shaped form evoking the idea of a branching tree. This less common emblem, invoking contemplation on life’s diverging journeys, carries a form that deviates from traditional representations. It is seen as a symbol rich in mysticism within certain liturgical and mystical Christian traditions.
Known also as the cross forked or crossed double, this emblem reflects Christian tradition. Its precise geometry, resulting in forked ends of the arms, signifies a balance of divine and human aspects. Displayed in regal coats of arms and insignia, the Fourchee Cross communicates nobility and heritage, its unembellished form indicating a lineage steeped in nobility and chivalry. The emblem’s stark angles and uncluttered lines provide a recognizable symbol within heraldic traditions, often associated with noble families and knightly orders, underscoring its enduring place in the annals of heraldry.
The Fylfot, resembling the geometric arrangement of four gamma letters, boasts right-angled arms creating a rotational motif. Presented against a dark backdrop, this symbol’s contrast accentuates its meticulous geometry, often linked with the sun, life, and prosperity across various cultures. This cross, while simple, carries a depth of meanings that have evolved through time, representing cyclicality and permanence. It finds a place in Christian edifices and texts as a decorative element, symbolizing a tapestry of faith and philosophy.
The Gamma Cross presents a minimalist design with terminal segments that resemble the gamma letter. Its equilateral arms suggest a balance inherent in its form. Displayed against a stark contrast, it is a symbol that distills an air of stability and poise. Its use, often reserved for representing profound strength and resilience, marks it as a cross of substance over style. Its unembellished appearance leads the observer’s focus to its inherent symmetry, evoking the timeless principles of steadfastness and equilibrium.
The Globus Cruciger, an emblem featuring a cross atop a globe, signifies the melding of spiritual authority with earthly sovereignty. The orb, surmounted by the cross, indicates dominion and the spread of influence across the globe. Rendered against a deep backdrop, the image captures the essence of historical leadership, offering a powerful representation of combined temporal and divine authority. This symbol serves as a testament to the reach and magnitude of influence, both earthly and spiritual.
Known as the Grapevine Cross and rooted in Georgian tradition, this emblem portrays slightly flared extremities, reminiscent of grapevines, symbolizing growth and abundance. This cross is delineated with clarity against its background, adding a visual dynamic to its form. Holding a place as a national emblem, this cross reflects Georgia’s rich legacy and the importance of viticulture in its culture. More than an object of faith, it stands for the historic intertwining of national identity and the sacred, embraced by the revered figure Saint Nino.
The Greek Cross features arms of uniform length, radiating balance and evenness. Its stark depiction against a contrasting backdrop ensures recognition within the realm of religious emblems, especially among Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine communities. The cross’s symmetrical form, void of additional ornamentation, directs focus to the universality of its message. This emblem, devoid of a longer descending arm, captures the essence of the cross’s equal bearing on all fronts, representing a commitment to spiritual unity.
This abstract representation, reminiscent of the ‘Hand of God’, employs geometric shapes to evoke omnipresence. The grid-like arrangement against a clear background fuses digital art with the enduring symbol of divine intervention. Despite its abstract nature, the central cross-like structure connects it to traditional interpretations of spiritual symbolism. It invites contemplation while maintaining a stark presence, blending minimalist design with thought-provoking depth.
The Hindu Swastika, set against a stark backdrop, displays arms extending from a central point and turning at right angles, symbolizing eternal motion. This symbol is used to denote fortune and the cyclical nature of existence. Often included in various cultural and religious ceremonies, the swastika’s design, minimalist yet profound, includes a dot on each arm representing the balance of the universe. Its simplicity and rich significance make it a revered emblem across multiple traditions.
The Huguenot Cross, identified by its Maltese cross form and flared arm ends with fleur-de-lis, is a historical symbol of French Protestant heritage. It is set against a background that accentuates its design, highlighting its emblematic nature. Combining religious significance with a nod to nobility, this cross is a legacy of resilience, especially during periods of persecution. It remains a cherished icon, symbolizing both the steadfastness and cultural heritage of the Huguenot community.
The Iron Cross, known for its military associations, features a pattee style with expanded arm ends, creating a bold visual statement. This symbol, rooted in early 19th-century military history, conveys valor and distinction. Its usage in later historical contexts, especially World War II, brought varied interpretations. The Iron Cross remains an instantly recognizable military emblem, symbolic of strength and historical importance.
The Jerusalem Cross consists of one large central figure surrounded by four smaller crosses. Traditionally in red, the emblem signifies the spread from Jerusalem to the world’s corners. The symmetrical placement of the crosses implies a global outreach. The cross’s straightforward design, set against a contrasting background, is emblematic of the Kingdom of Jerusalem’s historical and religious impact. It reflects the historical spread of beliefs and the desire for unity under a common cause.
The Lalibela Cross is one of the most interesting in terms of design and one of the least-known crosses on our list today. This cross was named after the king of Ethiopia, Lalibela, who in turn received this name (one of the translations is “Bees Recognizing the Supreme Authority”) after being surrounded by a swarm of bees as an infant, but not a single insect stung him. Today, the Lalibela Cross is a symbol that carries great healing power.
As for the design of the Lalibela Cross, it is unique: its lower part symbolizes the hand of the forefather Adam, and the horseshoe-shaped halo ends with twelve rays that recall the twelve apostles. At the top between the rays is a small cross, symbolizing Christ among the disciples.
The Latin Cross, recognized for its long vertical arm and a shorter horizontal bar positioned above the midpoint, has become a principal icon representing a broad spectrum of faith-related interpretations. Displayed in stark black, it stands out crisply against a contrasting white backdrop, highlighting its pivotal status across numerous traditions.
Its form, unembellished and bold, serves as a poignant reminder of historical narratives and is prominently featured in various cultural expressions. This emblem, often replicated, resonates as a marker of identity and a testament to resilience and continuity within a vast array of communities and contexts.
The Leviathan Cross is interesting primarily because of its Templar origins. This elegant ancient symbol today is widely used by people, who are interested in occultism and everything mystical. Unlike many of the other crosses on this list, this symbol is known primarily for its dark side, because the sides of its name are the Cross of Satan.
Leviathan Cross consists of two parts: the upper in the form of a double cross and the lower in the form of an infinity sign. Thus, it carries a double message – the protection created by the cross; and the embodiment of the eternity of the universe.
The Macedonian Cross stands out with its complex interwoven arcs against a contrasting backdrop, capturing the essence of Byzantine and Orthodox artistry found in the region. The design, featuring a central square and terminal loops, symbolizes eternity and the cyclical nature of faith.
This emblem is not merely a sacred icon; it represents Macedonia’s cultural legacy and artistic triumph. Symmetry and precision in its geometry offer visual allure, making it a captivating emblem of spirituality and heritage.
Recognized by its sharp, angular points, the Maltese Cross is emblematic of the valor and service historically associated with the Knights Hospitaller. The cross’s distinctive silhouette has become synonymous with principles of courage and commitment. Often seen as a symbol of heroism, the cross’s stark form against a plain background brings attention to its significant role as an emblem of honor in various institutions, reflecting a storied legacy of knighthood and altruism.
Featuring a prominent ‘M’ near its base, the Marian Cross visually ties the Virgin Mary to the Christian story, spotlighting her significance. It’s depicted with simplicity, focusing on Mary’s emblematic role within the spiritual narrative. Commonly integrated into Catholic iconography, this cross serves as a profound representation of Mary’s intercessory role, symbolizing her connection to the divine and her veneration as a pivotal figure in the faith.
The Maronite Cross, distinguished by its descending horizontal bars, holds a unique place within Eastern Catholicism, particularly within the Maronite tradition. Its three bars, each ending in three points, suggest the Trinity and Christ’s crucifixion. This cross is more than an artifact; it reflects a blend of religious significance and cultural identity, capturing the Maronite community’s essence with its symbolic design and liturgical resonance.
The Nail Cross captures the somber reality of the Crucifixion with its representation of the nails used in Christ’s sacrifice. The rugged, unpolished texture against a stark backdrop evokes reflection on the trials and redemptive suffering of Christ. Employed as a powerful contemplative symbol, it underlines the narratives of sacrifice and redemption central to faith teachings, its design focusing on the tangible elements of the Crucifixion’s history and significance.
The Nazi Swastika is a German political insignia originating from similar symbols of ancient people from Europe and Asia. It features two S-like figures, limited in the form of an inclined incomplete square. It was often placed in a white circle on a red flag to maintain visibility and contrast.
This version of Swastika has been associated with the ideology of Nazism, leaders of which were found guilty of starting World War II, the Holocaust, and one of the most oppressive regimes in history. Its showcase is highly offensive and considered illegal in most countries across the world.
The New Coptic Cross is a vibrant tapestry of color and form, merging the traditional Coptic symbol with elaborate design. Each arm ends in intricate florals, capturing both spiritual depth and rich cultural artistry. Adorned with Greek inscriptions, this cross is a modern representation of an ancient faith, celebrating the continuity of tradition and the enduring significance of Coptic heritage and art.
The Novgorod Cross emerges with flared ends on each arm, displaying a traditional Eastern Orthodox Christian art form against a solid background. Its apex forms a semicircle, adding a celestial dimension to its design. The circular loops at each terminal point enrich the overall ornamental value, drawing inspiration from the rich Byzantine heritage.
With a design that intertwines simplicity with cultural depth, the Novgorod Cross serves as more than a symbol of faith. It’s an artifact of cultural significance, resonating with the historical narrative of the region and its storied past in the development of Russian Christian traditions.
Also known as the Cross of Toulouse, the Occitan Cross features twelve orbs that seem to orbit each arm’s end, suggesting an interconnectedness reflective of community and heritage. The design’s complexity and careful arrangement of these spheres highlight the historical pride of Occitania. Reflecting its deep roots in the region’s history and language, the Occitan Cross stands as a proud emblem. Its connection to Occitan identity is further underscored by its association with historical figures and its pervasive use as a symbol of regional pride.
The Off-Center Cross of Christian Universalism embodies a belief in salvation accessible to all. Set asymmetrically within a circle, it breaks with tradition, symbolizing a broad-minded approach to faith that reaches beyond conventional boundaries. With its central cross off-set from the midpoint, this emblem serves as a visual metaphor for inclusivity and universal embrace in Christian Universalist belief. Its design, minimalist yet profound, invites reflection on the breadth of spiritual truths it represents.
The Ordinance Survey Cross is known for its utility in geospatial contexts, acting as a point of reference for mapping. The design, consisting of a simple cross atop a square base, is rendered with clarity, designed to stand out against various backgrounds. Surveyors and cartographers recognize this cross as a beacon of precision and reliability in mapping and land development. Its straightforward design is intentional, standing as a universal icon within the field of geospatial study and cartographic practice.
This rather simple symbol, consisting of a straight cross with one horizontal line and a massive solid-colored octagonal base, is known as The Ordnance Survey Cross and is used mainly in cartography and surveying. It is due to its massiveness and brightness this cross is easily seen on maps, although at first glance it evokes a sense of danger and something scary because it looks like a schematic image of a grave.
The Orthodox Cross, with its two horizontal beams and an additional slanted footrest, traces its roots to ancient Byzantium. The uppermost bar signifies Pilate’s inscription, while the slanted one represents the balance of justice and mercy. This cross variant is a significant element in Eastern Christian iconography, symbolizing the final moments and the promise of resurrection.
The Orthodox Cross tells a narrative of faith – the top bar recalling the mocking of Jesus, and the lower bar symbolizing the choices of the thieves crucified alongside Christ. With its distinctive form, it remains a potent symbol within liturgical settings and Christian art, expressing a rich tapestry of theological teachings and ecclesiastical tradition.
Represented by a trio of horizontal bars of diminishing length, the emblem of the Papal Cross symbolizes the pontifical authority vested in the Bishop of Rome. Visible on Vatican insignia, it emphasizes the Pope’s eminent role in ecclesiastical hierarchy and his leadership across Catholicism. The emblem, frequently featured in papal ceremonies and depicted on Vatican flags, signifies the Pope’s unique global influence and the historical and religious gravitas of the papacy, manifesting prominently across the centuries.
With limbs that flare into elegant leaf-like shapes, the Patonce Cross modifies the traditional Latin cross, incorporating the Holy Trinity within its design. Adopted widely in chivalry and ecclesiastical heraldry, it is a prominent figure in numerous coats of arms. The cross’s ornate tips symbolize wisdom and knightly honor, reflective of its historical use in noble insignia. The design’s widespread use in heraldic traditions signifies the propagation and influence of ecclesiastical teachings.
The Red Cross symbol, which is an official emblem of the international humanitarian organization aiming to help people all over the globe, was officially adopted at the beginning of the 1860s. Due to its brightness, it is easy to notice, and the main symbol, the cross, is associated primarily with help and safety. Many say that it looks pretty much similar to the national flag of Switzerland, just the colors are used in reverse. And there is a grain of truth in this, because the man who came up with this emblem, Henri Dunant, was of a Swiss origin.
As we know, both the rose and the cross are symbols associated with the Rosicrucian Order, one of the most mysterious secret societies in history. According to the idea of the members of the society, their symbol was to combine opposite meanings and symbolize both the material world and subtle matter. Thus, the personification of the first was a four-pointed cross, and the second – the rose, as a symbol of spirituality and evolution. The result was the Rose Cross symbol that “Through the mystical marriage of the rose and the cross, of man and creation, the divine is manifested in all its splendor.”
Saint Patrick’s Cross is characterized by a red X-shaped saltire on a white background, a heraldic reference to Saint Patrick and Ireland’s emblematic history. It features within the Union Jack and is a symbol of Irish heritage. It is most visible during the feast of Saint Patrick and represents the Irish culture and history. The enduring simplicity of the design underscores Ireland’s historical narrative and the influence of its patron saint.
The minimalistic and distinctive symbol with the elongated horizontal crossbar and the vertical bar significantly shifted to the left, is known as the Scandinavian Cross. Just like most of the other symbols in this list, the Scandinavian Cross is primarily associated with Christianity and protection, however, there is another version of its interpretation, according to which it represents a Sword. Whatever the initial meaning was, today this cross can be found on the flags of all five Scandinavian countries — Denmark, Norway, Finland, Sweden, and Iceland.
Recognized by its distinctive quadrants, each adorned with a Cyrillic ‘C’, the Serbian Cross signifies the heritage of the Serbian Orthodox Church, echoing a historic motto that champions unity among the Serbian people. It is a potent national symbol, infused with the tenets of Eastern Christianity and an expression of collective identity.
While its form resonates with the Byzantine tradition, the Serbian Cross is set apart by its striking color contrast, ensuring it stands out in a multitude of settings, from religious regalia to the national emblem. It’s a cross that blends historical religious significance with a strong statement of national pride and solidarity.
Known for its unique X configuration, the Saint Gilbert Cross is often found in heraldic contexts and is associated with Saint Gilbert. Its white saltire on a contrasting field is not only striking but also serves as a marker for Gilbertian patronage or remembrance within European historical traditions.
The minimalist design of the Saint Gilbert Cross is emblematic of the straightforward and humble approach to spiritual life, often associated with saintly virtues. It reflects a certain austere beauty, preferring to convey its message through stark simplicity rather than ornate complexity.
The St. Julian Cross, with its distinctive saltire design that expands at each end, serves as a visual representation of outreach or the cardinal points. At its center, a diminutive cross may allude to specific attributes or tales linked to St. Julian, adding depth to its symbolism.
This cross maintains a consistent arm width, signifying resilience and fortitude. It’s a less prevalent emblem in religious iconography, potentially signifying a more particularized or fabled significance, perhaps connected to St. Julian’s narrative or virtues.
The Sun Cross, encircled by a perpetual line, manifests an equal-armed cross that symbolizes the unending cycle of the natural world, denoting the changing seasons and the rhythm of the cosmos. This emblem has found a place in diverse cultural expressions, representing balance and cyclical time.
The design’s equal arms extending from within a circle speak to a universal harmony and the overarching concept of eternity. It’s a symbol that has transcended cultural boundaries to represent the unity and continuous flow of life and nature.
The Tau Cross, with its unmistakable T-like appearance, draws inspiration from the Greek letter Tau and is recognized across various cultural and religious backgrounds as a symbol of existence and renewal. It represents a balanced approach to tradition and iconography.
Its simple intersection of two bars emphasizes fundamental stability and has been a key motif in numerous cultural and spiritual symbols. Its longstanding use throughout history attests to its enduring significance as an icon of constancy and foundation.
Emanating a sense of chivalry and spiritual dedication, the Templar Cross, with its broadening ends, is deeply interwoven with the narrative of the Knights Templar. This emblematic cross is rich in historical resonance and embodies the virtues of courage and spiritual commitment.
Its expansive arm ends, often depicted in a vivid red, signify a continuity of the valorous spirit and sacrificial ethos embodied by the Knights Templar. The cross maintains its potency as a symbol, often invoked to recall the legacy and valor of these medieval warriors.
The stark and formidable Teutonic Cross symbolizes the martial and hospitable spirit of the Germanic military order of the same name. Its design, with its flaring ends, is a testament to the order’s strength and dedication to its Christian service and care. Against a contrasting backdrop, this cross encapsulates the Teutonic Knights’ commitment to their values and roles as both protectors and healers. Its influential design has left a mark on modern insignias, symbolizing a legacy that intertwines chivalry and faith.
The Troll Cross is a mystical Scandinavian symbol, that is connected to magical rituals and witchcraft, as was initially used as protection from dark spirits, and today is also very popular as an interesting jewelry element. The Troll Cross consists of a circular ring with two lines at the bottom curved to the center. Some researchers note that this part is similar to the rune Othal. Well, the name of the cross is due to the fact that originally this amulet was used as a defense against Trolls, and was not only worn by people but also put on animals and was part of the interior of almost every home.
With arms that culminate in distinctive bifurcated ends, the Voided Cross is a heraldic symbol known for its visual impact. Each arm terminates in dual points, bringing to mind the imagery of mill blades, hence its alternative name, the Cross Moline. Representing the dissemination of insight and faith, the Voided Cross’s broadening arms are a feature in various forms of religious and cultural art, signifying the propagation of spiritual knowledge and the enlightenment it brings.
As a symbol, the cross surpasses its design to encapsulate profound belief, creativity, and shared societal norms. Across a tapestry of interpretations, it preserves its intrinsic symbolism while informing cultural identity and spiritual cognizance. This treatise underscores the profound role the cross has played in shaping religious and cultural discourses through the ages.